Explore how the classical Szemerédi Regularity Lemma from graph theory provides powerful theoretical foundations for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in this 54-minute conference talk. Discover the unique challenges of analyzing GNNs compared to standard neural networks, stemming from their non-Euclidean input space where graphs can vary in size and topology. Learn how this fundamental result in graph theory enables the derivation of generalization bounds for GNNs and leads to the development of novel GNN architectures that demonstrate exceptional scalability for large graphs. Gain insights into the intersection of theoretical computer science and graph machine learning, understanding how classical mathematical tools can inform modern deep learning approaches for graph-structured data.