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Explore the fundamentals of microwave sensing techniques for studying quantum materials in this comprehensive lecture from the Princeton Summer School for Condensed Matter Physics. Learn how microwave spectroscopy serves as a powerful tool for probing the electronic and magnetic properties of quantum materials, including superconductors, topological insulators, and strongly correlated electron systems. Discover the theoretical foundations underlying microwave-matter interactions, understand the experimental setup and instrumentation required for microwave measurements, and examine how these techniques reveal critical information about quantum phase transitions, electronic transport properties, and collective excitations in condensed matter systems. Gain insights into the advantages and limitations of microwave sensing compared to other characterization methods, and explore recent applications in cutting-edge quantum materials research. The lecture covers both the physics principles governing microwave absorption and reflection in quantum materials as well as practical considerations for designing and interpreting microwave experiments in condensed matter physics research.
