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MIT OpenCourseWare

Advanced Thermodynamics - Spring 2024

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Overview

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Explore advanced thermodynamics concepts through this comprehensive MIT graduate-level course taught by Professor Gian Paolo Beretta. Master fundamental principles including multicomponent equilibrium properties, chemical equilibrium, electrochemical potentials, and chemical kinetics while developing a unified understanding of phase equilibria, transport phenomena, and nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Delve into practical applications such as second-law efficiencies, primary energy allocation methods in cogeneration and hybrid power systems, minimum work of separation, maximum work of mixing, osmotic pressure, membrane equilibria, metastable states, and spinodal decomposition. Examine Onsager's near-equilibrium reciprocity in thermodiffusive, thermoelectric, and electrokinetic cross effects. Progress through 25 detailed lectures covering system definitions and the first law, entropy and the second law, energy-entropy diagrams, temperature and chemical potentials, heat interactions and efficiencies, free energies and stability conditions, availability functions, the Gibbs phase rule, Van der Waals model, exergy analysis, chemical potential applications, ideal mixtures, the Gibbs paradox, osmotic pressure and blue energy, stratification phenomena, liquid-vapor equilibria, chemical reactions, reaction properties and fuel exergy, chemical kinetics and the Arrhenius law, nonequilibrium theory, Onsager reciprocity, heat and diffusion interactions, entropy production principles, and multicomponent transport. Access complete course materials including hyperlinked table of contents, analytical index, and video timestamps for enhanced learning efficiency.

Syllabus

Lecture 1: Definitions of System, Property, State, and Weight Process; First Law and Energy
Lecture 2: Second Law and Entropy; Adiabatic Availability; Maximum Entropy Principle
Lecture 3: Energy vs Entropy Diagrams to Represent Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium States
Lecture 4: Temperature, Pressure, Chemical Potentials; the Clausius Statement of the Second Law
Lecture 5: Definition of Heat Interaction; First and Second Law Efficiencies
Lecture 6: Free Energies, Available Energies, and Stability Conditions
Lecture 7: Availability Functions and the LeChatelier-Braun Principle
Lecture 8: Few versus Many Particles: The Euler Relation; Review of Various Forms of Exergy (Part I)
Lecture 9: Minimum Work of Partitioning Small Systems; The Gibbs Phase Rule; The Van der Waals Model
Lecture 10: Review of Various Forms of Exergy (Part II); Allocation of Consumptions in Cogeneration
Lecture 11: Allocation in Hybrid Power Production; Chemical Potentials and Partial Pressures
Lecture 12: Ideal Mixture Behavior; Work from Reversible Mixing; Entropy of Irreversible Mixing
Lecture 13: The Gibbs Paradox; Shannon Information Entropy; Single Quantum Particle in a Box
Lecture 14: Ideal Solution Model; Osmotic Pressure; Blue Energy; Minimum Work of Separation
Lecture 15: Stratification in Gas and Liquid Mixtures; Liquid-Vapor Spinodal Decomposition
Lecture 16: Liquid-Vapor Equilibria in Mixtures; Ideal and Excess Chemical Potentials
Lecture 17: Liquid-Liquid Spinodal Decomposition; Introduction to Systems with Chemical Reactions
Lecture 18: Properties of Reaction; Heating Values and Exergy of Fuels; Adiabatic Flame Temperature
Lecture 19: Affinity and Nonequilibrium Law of Mass Action; Potential Energy Surface
Lecture 20: Chemical Kinetics; The Arrhenius Law; Degree of Disequilibrium; Principle of...
Lecture 21: Introduction to Nonequilibrium Theory; Onsager Reciprocity and Maximum Entropy...
Lecture 22: Definition of “Heat&Diffusion” Interaction; Diffusive and Convective Fluxes
Lecture 23: Direct and Cross Effects; General Principles of Entropy Production; The Fourth Law
Lecture 24: Relative Diffusion Fluxes; Thermoelectric Effects
Lecture 25: Thermodiffusive Effects; Multicomponent Transport

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