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Explore fault-tolerant quantum computation beyond traditional classical input/output scenarios in this comprehensive lecture from QuICS. Delve into the challenges of distributed quantum systems where quantum information must be transmitted between processing units through noisy communication channels that exceed fault-tolerant thresholds. Learn how quantum circuits with quantum inputs and outputs can be transformed into fault-tolerant versions using Kitaev's 1997 framework, producing ideal circuits with controlled noise at input and output points. Discover the framework's compositional properties that enable versatile applications across quantum information processing systems. Examine two concrete applications: first, fault-tolerant communication over noisy channels with faulty encoding and decoding operations, including constructions for communication codes with linear minimum distance and general noise models, plus solutions for local stochastic noise scenarios with constant fraction random error correction. Second, investigate state preparation circuits within Gottesman's 2014 construction to demonstrate how fault-tolerant quantum computation can achieve constant space overhead for general noise conditions. Gain insights into the theoretical foundations and practical implications of quantum input/output systems in distributed quantum computing architectures.
