Classes of Nonlinear PDEs Related to Metrics of Constant Curvature

Explore a mathematical lecture examining the relationship between classes of partial differential equations (PDEs) and metrics on 2-dimensional manifolds with non-zero constant Gaussian curvature. Delve into the concept of differential equations describing pseudo-spherical and spherical surfaces, with curvatures of -1 and 1 respectively. Learn how these equations serve as integrability conditions for linear problems, enabling solution generation through Bäcklund transformations and inverse scattering methods. Discover how geometric surface properties yield infinite conservation laws, with applications to well-known equations like sine-Gordon, Korteveg de Vries, Non Linear Schrödinger, Camassa-Holm, short-pulse equation, and elliptic sine-Gordon. Examine classical and contemporary results in equation characterization and classification, supported by examples and illustrations, before concluding with higher-dimensional generalizations.