Explore the complexities of dual-level task scheduling in virtual machine environments during this 35-minute conference talk from Kernel Recipes 2024. Delve into the challenges arising from the semantic gap between guest and host operating systems' task schedulers when managing multi-threaded applications in VMs. Examine existing solutions addressing specific issues and learn about recent efforts to standardize the paravirt scheduling interface. Gain insights into ongoing research at Whisper that builds upon paravirt scheduling concepts and proposes new use cases. Understand the intricacies of vCPU and pCPU interactions, and discover how optimizing task placement decisions across both levels can enhance VM workload performance.