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Graph Theory - Complete Course on Fundamentals and Advanced Topics

Wrath of Math via YouTube

Overview

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Learn the fundamental concepts and theorems of graph theory through a comprehensive video series covering basic definitions, graph properties, connectivity, special graph types, and advanced topics. Master essential terminology including vertices, edges, adjacency, and graph order while exploring different types of graphs such as complete graphs, bipartite graphs, trees, and planar graphs. Understand key concepts like walks, trails, paths, cycles, and components that form the foundation of graph analysis. Dive into connectivity properties including connected and disconnected graphs, bridges, cut vertices, and vertex/edge connectivity with rigorous proofs of important theorems. Explore special graph families including complete graphs, cycle graphs, path graphs, complete bipartite graphs, and the Petersen graph. Study graph isomorphism, automorphisms, and degree sequences while learning to identify graphical sequences using the Havel-Hakimi algorithm. Investigate tree structures and their properties, including spanning trees and algorithms like Kruskal's and Prim's for finding minimum spanning trees. Examine Eulerian and Hamiltonian properties with proofs of fundamental theorems including Euler's theorem on even degree vertices and sufficient conditions like Ore's and Dirac's theorems for Hamiltonian graphs. Learn about directed graphs (digraphs) including tournaments, strong connectivity, and orientations. Understand matching theory with Hall's Marriage Theorem and perfect matchings in bipartite graphs. Explore graph colorings including vertex colorings, chromatic numbers, edge colorings, and their applications. Study planar graphs with Euler's formula and planarity conditions. Cover advanced topics including dominating sets, resolving sets, metric dimension, cliques, independent sets, vertex covers, and graph decompositions with detailed proofs and examples throughout.

Syllabus

What is a Graph? | Graph Theory
What are Adjacent Vertices? | Graph Theory
What is the Order of a Graph? | Graph Theory
What is the Size of a Graph? | Graph Theory
Order and Size of a Graph | Graph Theory
Empty Graph, Trivial Graph, and the Null Graph | Graph Theory
What are Adjacent Edges? | Graph Theory
What is a Subgraph? | Graph Theory
What is a Spanning Subgraph? | Graph Theory
Proper and Improper Subgraphs | Graph Theory
What is a Vertex Induced Subgraph? | Graph Theory
What is an Edge-Induced Subgraph? | Graph Theory
What is a Walk? | Graph Theory
What is a Trail? | Graph Theory
What is a Path? | Graph Theory
Proof: If There is a u-v Walk then there is a u-v Path | Every Walk Contains a Path, Graph Theory
What is a Circuit? | Graph Theory
What is a Graph Cycle? | Graph Theory, Cycles, Cyclic Graphs, Simple Cycles
Connected and Disconnected Graphs | Graph Theory
What are Connected Vertices? | Graph Theory
What are Connected Graphs? | Graph Theory
Connection as an Equivalence Relation | Graph Theory
What is a Component of a Graph? | Connected Components, Graph Theory
Explaining Components of Graphs | Graph Theory
Graphs Have at Least n-m Components | Graph Theory
Size and Degree from Vertex Deleted Subgraphs | Graph Theory
Distance, Diameter, and Geodesics | Graph Theory
Distance Between Two Vertices in Graphs | Graph Theory
What are Geodesics? | Graph Theory
Diameter of a Graph | Graph Theory
Proof: Connected Graph Contains Two Non-Cut Vertices | Graph Theory, Connected Graphs
What is a Path Graph? | Graph Theory
What are Cycle Graphs? | Graph Theory, Graph Cycles, Cyclic Graphs
What is a Complete Graph? | Graph Theory
Number of Edges in a Complete Graph (Using Combinations) | Graph Theory, Combinatorics
How Many Graphs on n Vertices? | Graph Theory
What is the Complement of a Graph? | Graph Theory, Graph Complements, Self Complementary Graphs
Proof: A Graph or its Complement Must be Connected | Graph Theory, Graph Complements
What is a Bipartite Graph? | Graph Theory
Proof: Closed Odd Walk contains Odd Cycle | Graph Theory
Proof: Bipartite Graphs have no Odd Cycles | Graph Theory, Bipartite Theorem, Proofs
Proof: If a Graph has no Odd Cycles then it is Bipartite | Graph Theory, Bipartite Theorem
How to Tell if Graph is Bipartite (by hand) | Graph Theory
What are Complete Bipartite Graphs? | Graph Theory, Bipartite Graphs
Intro to Hypercube Graphs (n-cube or k-cube graphs) | Graph Theory, Hypercube Graph
Overview of Loops in Graph Theory | Graph Loop, Multigraphs, Pseudographs
Intro to Directed Graphs | Digraph Theory
Parallel Edges in Multigraphs and Digraphs | Graph Theory, Multiple Edges, Multisets
What is the Degree of a Vertex? | Graph Theory
Neighborhood of a Vertex | Open and Closed Neighborhoods, Graph Theory
The First Theorem of Graph Theory | Graph Theory
Proof: Every Graph has an Even Number of Odd Degree Vertices | Graph Theory
Proof: Degree Sum Condition for Connected Graphs | Connected Graphs, Nonadjacent Vertices
Proof: Minimum Degree Condition for Connected Graphs | Graph Theory
What are Regular Graphs? | Graph Theory
What are Cubic Graphs? | Graph Theory
Simple Definition of Petersen Graph | Graph Theory
Degree Sequence of a Graph | Graph Theory, Graphical Sequences
Which Sequences are Graphical? (Degree Sequences and Havel-Hakimi algorithm) | Graph Theory
What are Irregular Graphs? (and why they are boring) | Graph Theory
What are Isomorphic Graphs? | Graph Isomorphism, Graph Theory
Isomorphic Graphs Have the Same Degree Sequence | Graph Theory
Graph Automorphisms and Vertex Transitive Graphs | Graph Theory
Edge Subtraction and Bridges in Graphs | Graph Theory, Edge Deletion
What are Bridges of Graphs? | Graph Theory, Edge Deletion
Proof: An Edge is a Bridge iff it Lies on No Cycles | Graph Theory
Intro to Tree Graphs | Trees in Graph Theory, Equivalent Definitions
Proof: Graph is a Tree iff Unique Paths for Each Vertex Pair | Graph Theory, Tree Graphs
Proof: Tree Graphs Have at Least Two End Vertices | Graph Theory
Proof: Tree Graph of Order n Has Size n-1 | Graph Theory
Proof: Forest Graphs have n-k Edges | Graph Theory
Proof: Connected Graph of Order n Has at least n-1 Edges | Graph Theory
Proof: Every Connected Graph has a Spanning Tree | Graph Theory
Kruskal's Algorithm for Minimum Spanning Trees (MST) | Graph Theory
Prim's Algorithm for Minimum Spanning Trees (MST) | Graph Theory
Proof on Cut Vertices Incident with Bridges | Graph Theory
Important Theorem about Cut Vertices | Graph Theory
Proof of a Characterization of Cut Vertices | Graph Theory
Proof: A Furthest Vertex is not a Cut Vertex | Graph Theory, Connected Graphs
What are Non-Separable Graphs? | Graph Theory
Vertex Cuts in Graphs (and a bit on Connectivity) | Graph Theory
Vertex Connectivity of a Graph | Graph Theory
Simple Bounds on Vertex Connectivity | Graph Theory
Vertex Connectivity of the Petersen Graph | Graph Theory
Edge Cuts and Edge Connectivity | Graph Theory
Edge Connectivity of Complete Graphs | Graph Theory
What are Vertex Separating Sets? | Graph Theory
What are Vertex Disjoint Paths? | Graph Theory
Intro to Menger's Theorem | Graph Theory, Connectivity
Proof: Menger's Theorem | Graph Theory, Connectivity
Eulerian Circuits and Eulerian Graphs | Graph Theory
Unicursal Graphs and Unicursal Lines | Semi-Eulerian Trails, Graph Theory
Proof: Graph is Eulerian iff All Vertices have Even Degree | Euler Circuits, Graph Theory
Hamiltonian Cycles, Graphs, and Paths | Hamilton Cycles, Graph Theory
Proof: Ore's Theorem for Hamiltonian Graphs | Sufficient Condition for Hamilton Graphs, Graph Theory
Proof: Necessary Component Condition for Graphs with Hamiltonian Paths | Graph Theory
Proof: Necessary Component Condition for Hamiltonian Graphs | Graph Theory
Proof: Dirac's Theorem for Hamiltonian Graphs | Hamiltonian Cycles, Graph Theory
Indegree and Outdegree in Directed Graphs | Graph Theory
In-Neighborhoods and Out-Neighborhoods in Digraphs | Graph Theory
Orientations of Graphs | Directed Graphs, Digraph Theory
What are Symmetric Digraphs? | Graph Theory
First Theorem of Directed Graphs | Digraph Theory
Underlying Graphs of Digraphs | Directed Graphs, Graph Theory
Weakly Connected Directed Graphs | Digraph Theory
Strongly Connected Directed Graphs | Graph Theory
Intro to Tournament Graphs | Graph Theory
Transitive Tournaments (Directed Graphs) | Graph Theory
Proof: Tournament is Transitive iff it has No Cycles | Graph Theory
Proof for Distances from Tournament's Maximum Outdegree Vertex | Graph Theory
Proof: Every Tournament has Hamiltonian Path | Graph Theory
Proof: Vertices of Strong Tournament Lie on Triangles | Graph Theory
Matchings, Perfect Matchings, Maximum Matchings, and More! | Graph Theory
Perfect Matchings on Complete Graphs | Graph Theory
Hall's Theorem and Condition for Bipartite Matchings | Graph Theory
Proof: Hall's Marriage Theorem for Bipartite Matchings | Graph Theory
Proof: Regular Bipartite Graph is Balanced | Graph Theory
Proof: Regular Bipartite Graph has a Perfect Matching | Graph Theory
Edge Covers and Edge Covering Numbers of Graphs | Graph Theory
Independent Vertex Sets and Independence Numbers | Graph Theory
Vertex Covers and Vertex Covering Numbers | Graph Theory
Complement of Vertex Cover is Independent Vertex Set | Graph Theory
Complement of Independent Set is Vertex Cover | Graph Theory
What are Graph Decompositions? | Graph Decomposition, Graph Theory
What are Planar Graphs? | Graph Theory
Proof: Euler's Formula for Plane Graphs | Graph Theory
Proof: Upper Bound for the Size of Planar Graphs | Graph Theory
Every Planar Graph has a Vertex of Degree 5 or Less | Graph Theory
Which Complete Graphs are Planar? | Graph Theory
Edges that Lie on One Boundary of a Region in a Plane Graph | Graph Theory
Degree of a Face in a Plane Graph | Graph Theory
Vertex Colorings and the Chromatic Number of Graphs | Graph Theory
Chromatic Number of Bipartite Graphs | Graph Theory
Chromatic Number of Complete Graphs | Graph Theory
What is a Clique? | Graph Theory, Cliques
Does Chromatic Number n Imply Clique on n Vertices? | Graph Theory
Edge Colorings and Chromatic Index of Graphs | Graph Theory
Subtracting a Vertex from a Graph (Vertex Deletion) | Graph Theory
What are Star Graphs? | Graph Theory
What is a Highly Irregular Graph? | Locally Irregular Graph, Graph Theory
Graph Representation with an Adjacency Matrix | Graph Theory, Adjaceny Matrices
What is a Maximal Clique? | Graph Theory, Cliques, Maximal Cliques
A Proof on Hamiltonian Complete Bipartite Graphs | Graph Theory, Hamiltonian Graphs
Maximum and Maximal Cliques | Graph Theory, Clique Number
Proof: Non-Regular Graph has Adjacent Vertices with Distinct Degrees | Connected Graphs
Proof: Two Longest Paths Have a Common Vertex | Graph Theory, Connected Graphs
Proof: A Graph or its Complement is not Bipartite | Graph Theory, Bipartite Graphs
Proof: Graph with all Even Degree Vertices has no Bridges | Graph Theory
Proof: Complement of Regular Non-Eulerian Graph is Eulerian | Graph Theory, Euler Graphs
Minimum and Maximum Degree Vertices in Complement Graphs | Graph Complements, Graph Theory
Bound on the Sum of Minimum Degrees of Graphs and their Complements | Graph Theory Proofs
Proof: Connected Graph with a Bridge must have a Cut Vertex | Graph Theory
Proof: Cut Vertex is not a Cut Vertex of the Complement Graph | Graph Theory
Resolving Sets and Metric Dimension of Graphs | Graph Theory
What are the Maximum and Maximal Cliques of this Graph? | Graph Theory
Bipartite Graphs with Isolated Vertices | Graph Theory, Complete Bipartite Graphs
Proof: Graph with n Vertices and n-1 Edges is a Tree | Graph Theory
Proof: A Bridge is the Unique Path connecting its End Vertices | Graph Theory
Proof: Every Edge of a Tree is a Bridge | Graph Theory
Proof: Every Graph Contains Minimum Degree Length Path | Graph Theory
Proof: Graph has a Cycle Longer than its Minimum Degree | Graph Theory
Graphs are Metric Spaces | Graph Theory
Eccentricity of a Vertex | Graph Theory
Diameter and Radius of Graphs | Graph Theory
Graph Diameter is Bounded by Radius | Graph Theory
Diameter and Radius of Tree Graphs | Graph Theory
Eccentricities of Adjacent Vertices Differ by at Most 1 | Graph Theory
Dominating Sets and Domination Number of Graphs | Graph Theory

Taught by

Wrath of Math

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