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Learn about a groundbreaking dynamic addressing architecture that could revolutionize DNA synthesis density in this 25-minute conference presentation from the 2025 Storage and Computing with DNA Conference. Discover how current DNA synthesis technology achieves approximately 100 million electrochemically driven synthesis sites per 1 cm² using dense multi-electrode arrays (MEAs), and explore the limitations of classical statically addressed switches that prevent further density increases. Examine the proposed dynamic addressing scheme inspired by dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) technology, which requires only a single transistor per synthesis site compared to the minimum six transistors needed in current SRAM-based approaches. Understand how this innovative crossbar array configuration with row-connected gates and column-supplied driving voltages enables transient activation and charge trapping mechanisms for electrochemical deblocking reactions. Analyze the experimental demonstration using a small-scale MEA driven by a custom-built multiplexer/potentiostat, along with the lumped-element model developed to predict theoretical performance and optimize synthesis cell geometry. Explore the potential for achieving up to 10 billion sites/cm² with 0.01 µm² cell size using 40 nm-class process nodes while maintaining compatibility with high voltages required for electrochemical synthesis. Gain insights into how this 100-fold improvement over current state-of-the-art technology could significantly reduce cost-per-base for DNA synthesis, making DNA-based data storage economically viable for widespread adoption.
