Digital Communication systems

Week 1: Introduction to Digital Communication

• Overview and block diagram of a digital communication system

• Description of transmitter, channel, and receiver subsystems

• Comparison between analog and digital communication

Week 2: Sampling and Pulse Modulation Techniques

• Sampling of low-pass and band-pass signals

• Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)

• Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)

• Quantization and quantization error analysis

Week 3: Quantization and Line Coding

• Quantization Noise Ratio (QNR) for linear and nonlinear quantizers

• Line coding schemes and their spectral characteristics

• Bandwidth considerations and power efficiency

Week 4: Synchronization and Frame Structures

• PCM-TDM hierarchy and frame structures

• Frame synchronization and bit stuffing

Week 5: Differential Modulation and Source Coding

• Delta Modulation (DM) and Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM)

• Quantization noise analysis in DM and ADM

• Differential PCM (DPCM) and Adaptive DPCM (ADPCM)

• Low bit-rate speech and video coding techniques

• Baseband transmission model

• Matched filter and its performance under AWGN

• Inter-symbol Interference (ISI) and Nyquist criterion for zero ISI

• Sinusoidal roll-off filtering

Week 7: Equalization and Channel Effects

• Correlative coding for controlled ISI

• Equalizers and adaptive equalizers

• Introduction to Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL)

Week 8: Digital Modulation Basics

• Geometric representation of digital signals

• Maximum likelihood detection

• Correlation receiver and matched filter equivalence

• Performance metrics: probability of error, SNR, and BER

Week 9: Binary and Multilevel Modulation Schemes

• Generation and detection of:

• On-Off Keying (OOK)

• Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)

• Frequency Shift Keying (FSK): coherent and non-coherent detection

Week 10: Advanced Modulation Techniques

• Quadrature PSK (QPSK) and Differential PSK (DPSK)

• Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

• Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) and multicarrier modulation (OFDM basics)

• Comparison of Bandwidth and spectral efficiency of digital modulation schemes

Week 11: Information Theory

• Concepts of information and entropy

• Mutual information and channel capacity

• Shannon’s capacity theorem for discrete and continuous channels

• Differential entropy and continuous alphabets

Week 12: Channel Coding Techniques

• Linear block codes — definitions, properties, and distance bounds (Singleton, Hamming, GW, MRRW)

• Convolutional codes

• — encoding and decoding (Viterbi, BCJR)

• Turbo codes and LDPC codes — concepts and performance advantages

• Soft vs. hard decision decoding