Prostate Cancer - Clinical Medicine

Explore the comprehensive clinical aspects of prostate cancer, the most commonly diagnosed non-skin cancer in men, through this detailed medical lecture. Begin with epidemiology and risk factors including age, African American ancestry, family history, and hormonal influences such as androgen receptor signaling. Examine the pathophysiology behind prostate cancer development and progression, understanding how dysregulated cell growth leads to prostatic tissue transformation. Learn about clinical presentation ranging from asymptomatic cases found through screening to urinary symptoms, bone pain due to metastases, and signs of spinal cord compression. Master the roles and limitations of PSA screening, digital rectal examination, and transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, including the significance of the Gleason score for grading tumor aggressiveness. Study imaging modalities like multiparametric MRI and bone scans, and discover treatment strategies based on risk stratification including active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and androgen deprivation therapy. Gain insights into emerging therapies and precision medicine approaches to develop a complete understanding of prostate cancer management in clinical practice.