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Nielsen Norman Group

Writing Effective Survey Questions

via Nielsen Norman Group

Overview

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Craft clear, unbiased survey questions that capture reliable insights and boost confidence in every research decision. Write clear, purposeful survey questions. Reduce bias and improve data quality. Create participant-friendly surveys.

Syllabus

Course Curriculum

Writing Good Surveys Isn’t Easy (3 Lessons, 12 min)

  • Course Overview & Downloads
  • Survey Design Is a Non-Linear Process
  • Custom Surveys vs. Pre-Made Questionnaires

Decide What To Ask (and What Not to Ask) (3 Lessons, 51 min)

  • Every Survey Question Needs a Purpose
  • Be Careful Asking Participants to Recall or Predict Behavior
  • Rethinking Demographic Questions

Common Survey-Writing Pitfalls (and How to Avoid Them) (8 Lessons, 72 min)

  • Have Empathy for Survey Respondents
  • Focus on Close-Ended Questions
  • Double-Barreled Questions
  • Leading Questions
  • Loaded Questions
  • Ambiguity and Jargon
  • Complex Grammar
  • Inclusivity and Sensitivity in Survey Questions

Choose Appropriate Response Options (12 Lessons, 131 min)

  • Categorical Questions: Overview
  • Categorical Questions: Single-Select Multiple-Choice
  • Categorical Questions: Single-Select Dichotomous
  • Categorical Questions: Multi-Select
  • Rating Scales: Overview
  • Rating Scales: Likert
  • Rating Scales: Semantic Differential
  • Rating Scales: Radio Buttons vs. Sliders
  • Rating Scales: Choosing the Right Number of Points
  • Ranking Questions
  • Inclusivity and Sensitivity in Response Options
  • The Response Options You Choose Influence Your Analysis

Structure Surveys for Clarity and Flow (5 Lessons, 89 min)

  • How to Fight Survey Fatigue and Priming with Randomization
  • Thematic Organization: Grouping vs. Separating
  • Navigation and Layout for Standalone Surveys
  • Branching Logic
  • Required vs. Optional Questions

Testing Your Survey (5 Lessons, 44 min)

  • Cognitive Interviews
  • Mechanical Test
  • Qualitative Usability Testing
  • Soft Launch
  • Conclusion

Taught by

Rachel Banawa

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