When a Signal Hits the End of a PCB Track - What Happens? - Reflections by Eric Bogatin

This course explains why reflections occur on PCB transmission lines, distinguishing electrically short and long interconnects. It uses simulations to examine ringing, impedance, voltage changes, and source termination methods for reducing reflections.

Syllabus

Understanding reflections
Electrically Short vs. Long
The tool we are using explained
Simulating: Electrically short
Reflections on classic CMOS and standard board
Simulating: Electrically long e.g. DDR3 / DDR4
50 OHM impedance is not 50 OHM resistance
Simulating a buffer example
Why we get reflections
What happens when there is a reflection
Why reflection disappears
Frequency of ringing
How to eliminate reflections
Signal level change caused by termination
Source termination