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Learn about triage scores, a novel counterfactual risk assessment instrument that advances beyond traditional risk scores by incorporating intervention outcomes in this 40-minute conference talk. Explore how conventional risk assessment instruments used in high-stakes settings like medicine and criminal justice predict undesired outcomes without intervention but fail to account for what happens when decision-makers actually intervene. Discover the proposed triage score framework that generalizes risk scores using counterfactual utilities, enabling incorporation of counterfactual outcomes under alternative decisions and allowing decision-makers to integrate diverse ethical and practical factors. Examine a practical application through analysis of a randomized controlled trial evaluating a pre-trial risk assessment instrument, demonstrating how triage scores capture richer utility structures than traditional risk scores and produce substantively different results for policy evaluation and learning in social systems.