In this conference talk from LeadDev San Francisco 2022, explore the rapid evolution of cloud native technologies and their impact on performance and efficiency at scale with Melanie Cebula. Discover how cloud technologies have transformed workload management in less than a decade, from hardware innovations at the bottom of the stack to software developments at the top. Learn about critical trends including hardware developments like multi-architecture processors and preemptible VMs, workload scheduling improvements, the emergence of cloud operating systems, container technology advancements such as dockerless builds, JVM performance optimizations, Kubernetes autoscaling capabilities, and cutting-edge observability tools. Gain valuable insights through real cross-cutting performance examples that demonstrate how these innovations affect running workloads at scale in modern cloud environments.