Explore the fundamentals of quantum error correction in this comprehensive lecture, the first in a series delivered by Serge Rosenblum at the International Centre for Theoretical Sciences. Delve into the critical role of error correction in quantum computing as part of the "Condensed Matter Meets Quantum Information" program. Gain insights into how quantum phases of condensed matter, such as superconductors and topological insulators, can serve as substrates for quantum information processing. Learn about the potential of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) in encoding qubits and the exciting proposals for using quantum Hall systems and Majorana modes for topologically protected quantum information. This lecture sets the stage for understanding the intersection of condensed matter physics and quantum information, bridging the gap between these two distinct but interconnected fields.