Explore advanced parameter estimation techniques using simulation-based inference methods specifically applied to ATLAS detector data in this 38-minute conference talk by David Rousseau from IJCLab Orsay. Learn how modern statistical inference approaches can be leveraged to extract physical parameters from complex high-energy physics experiments, with particular focus on the challenges and solutions encountered when working with ATLAS collaboration data. Discover the theoretical foundations of simulation-based inference, understand its practical implementation in particle physics research, and examine real-world applications where traditional parameter estimation methods may fall short. Gain insights into how these sophisticated statistical techniques are revolutionizing data analysis in experimental particle physics and contributing to our understanding of fundamental physics through precise parameter measurements.