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Explore parallel programming capabilities in Cython through this comprehensive conference talk from EuroPython 2025. Learn how to leverage Cython's tools for generating high-performance C/C++ code from Python-like syntax while implementing effective parallelization strategies. Discover four key approaches to parallel programming in Cython: the built-in "prange" mechanism for handling loops with independent iterations, utilizing Python's threading module with performant Cython code, accessing C++ standard library threading tools with proper synchronization techniques, and implementing subinterpreters for isolated parallel processes. Examine recent improvements targeting freethreaded Python, including the new `cython.critical_section` feature that provides convenient syntax around Python's internal critical sections. Compare the differences and similarities between Python's Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) and the localized interpreter locks in freethreaded builds. Understand Cython's approach to thread-safety in freethreaded environments through practical examples from Cython internals, and gain insights into writing performant, thread-safe code that works effectively in both traditional and freethreaded Python environments.
