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Explore the evolution and advancements of oxide-confined Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) in this informative talk by Milton Feng from the University of Illinois. Trace the development of VCSELs from their early metal cavity designs to the adoption of Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) cavities and the crucial discovery of native oxide of AlGaAs. Learn about the impact of oxide-confined VCSELs on modern technology, including their applications in energy-efficient optical links, high-performance computing, and 3D sensing. Discover the latest achievements in data transmission rates, including error-free transmission up to 57 Gb/s at 25°C and 50 Gb/s at 85°C, as well as pre-leveled 16-QAM OFDM data transmission at 104 Gbit/s. Gain insights into the history, demand, origin story, temperature considerations, data rates, challenges, and solutions related to VCSEL technology.