Mitral Valve Prolapse and Mitral Regurgitation - Valvular Heart Disease in Cardiology

This 28-minute cardiology video provides a comprehensive examination of Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) and Mitral Regurgitation (MR) as key components of Valvular Heart Disease (VHD). Explore the anatomy and function of cardiac valves including the aortic, mitral (bicuspid), pulmonic, and tricuspid valves. Learn about the hemodynamic consequences of valvular dysfunction including volume and pressure overload, changes in preload and afterload, and the pathophysiology of stenosis, regurgitation, incompetence, and insufficiency. Understand the clinical manifestations such as S3 and S4 gallop rhythms, ejection clicks, opening snaps, and various murmur patterns. Discover the relationship between valvular disease and conditions like bacterial endocarditis, rheumatic fever, and cardiomyopathy. Review diagnostic approaches including echocardiography (TTE/TEE), ECG, and cardiac catheterization, along with treatment options ranging from pharmacological management with beta blockers and ACE inhibitors to surgical interventions like valve repair, replacement, valvuloplasty, annuloplasty, and valvotomy.