Explore fundamental concepts of Dark Matter (DM) cosmology in this comprehensive lecture from the Galileo Galilei Institute, where key theories and principles of dark matter's role in the universe are examined through detailed mathematical and theoretical frameworks. Delve into the cosmological evidence for dark matter, its distribution throughout the universe, and its crucial role in structure formation, while gaining insights from expert physicist Laura Lopez Honorez's thorough examination of current research and understanding in the field.