Learn about the complexity of economic evaluations for public health interventions in this 12-minute lecture from Professor John Cairns of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, delivered at Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine. Explore how evaluating public health programs differs from pharmaceutical assessments, with particular focus on handling complex interventions and their unique economic considerations. Part of a broader series on Economic Evaluation of Health Technologies, this chapter specifically addresses the challenges and methodological approaches needed when analyzing multi-faceted public health initiatives.