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Explore the evolution of object capabilities in this keynote conference talk that addresses the fundamental challenges preventing widespread adoption of the object capability model despite its establishment since the 1960s. Discover how Scala's innovative approaches tackle the two main impediments: convenience issues arising from tedious capability passing along call chains, and safety concerns related to runtime failures in access restrictions. Learn about Scala's solutions including implicit parameter passing through using clauses, context functions for abstracting capability passing, and type system extensions that track capabilities within types and monitor which capabilities are closed over in lambdas or objects. Gain insights into the initial usage experience with these concepts and understand the ergonomic measures implemented to make the notations more user-friendly, presented by Martin Odersky at Lambda Days 2025.