Learn the fundamentals and advanced concepts of Large Language Models in this comprehensive 2 hour and 38 minute lecture from the JSALT 2024 Summer School hosted by Johns Hopkins University's Center for Language & Speech Processing. Explore the theoretical foundations, architectural designs, training methodologies, and practical applications of modern LLMs that are transforming natural language processing and artificial intelligence. Gain insights into the latest developments in the field through expert instruction covering key topics such as transformer architectures, scaling laws, fine-tuning techniques, and the challenges and opportunities presented by these powerful language models in research and industry applications.