Explore how cryptographic techniques can address challenges and opportunities in the era of large language models in this invited conference talk delivered at Crypto 2025. Learn from Nicholas Carlini as he examines the intersection of cryptography and modern AI systems, discussing potential applications, security considerations, and theoretical frameworks that emerge when these two fields converge. Discover practical approaches and research directions for leveraging cryptographic methods to enhance privacy, security, and trust in LLM-based systems. Gain insights into cutting-edge developments at the forefront of both cryptography and artificial intelligence research, with session moderation provided by Yael Tauman Kalai.