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Explore the remarkable survival strategies that enabled Neanderthals to thrive through over 100,000 years of Ice Age conditions in this 41-minute interview with Professor Trenton Holliday from Tulane University. Discover the latest findings about Neanderthal adaptations, examining how these ancient hominins developed sophisticated physical and technological responses to extreme cold environments. Learn about their anatomical modifications including body proportions, metabolic adaptations, and physiological changes that helped them survive harsh glacial periods. Investigate the technological innovations Neanderthals developed to cope with cold stress, from tool-making techniques to shelter construction methods. Gain insights into current research methodologies used to study Neanderthal cold adaptation, including virtual reconstruction techniques and analysis of fossil evidence from sites like Shanidar 3. Understand the broader context of Neanderthal survival during the Pleistocene epoch and how their adaptations compare to those of modern humans and other hominins who faced similar environmental challenges.