Explore the intricacies of galaxy formation in this comprehensive lecture by Kandaswamy Subramanian, part of the "Cosmology - The Next Decade" program at the International Centre for Theoretical Sciences. Delve into the fundamental processes that shape galaxies, from the role of dark matter to the influence of cosmic structures. Gain insights into the latest theories and observational evidence surrounding galaxy evolution, and understand how these concepts fit into the broader context of modern cosmology. This one-hour lecture serves as an excellent introduction to the complex field of galactic astrophysics, suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in expanding their knowledge of cosmic structure formation.