Explore the potential of machine learning interpretation techniques in geoscience research through this insightful AGU conference talk. Delve into the concept of "explainable AI" and its implications for scientific discovery, particularly in climate science. Learn how these techniques can increase trust in machine learning outputs and reveal new scientific insights from algorithmic decision-making processes. Examine applications in climate science, including subseasonal-to-decadal prediction, atmospheric responses to climate change, and anthropogenic impacts on Earth's surface. Gain valuable knowledge on how explainable AI can overcome the perceived "black box" nature of machine learning, paving the way for broader adoption in geoscientific research and offering exciting possibilities for future studies across various scientific disciplines.