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Explore the turbulent 1790s in American political history through this 52-minute university lecture examining the "Reign of Witches" and Federalist attempts to maintain political control. Delve into the fundamental tensions between democracy and federalism as Professor Joanne Freeman analyzes the competing visions of Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson during this formative decade. Learn how early American political parties emerged and clashed over questions of national identity, federal power, and democratic governance. Discover the strategies Federalists employed to preserve their influence while facing growing opposition from Democratic-Republicans. Examine the broader implications of these political battles for the development of American democracy and the ongoing debate over what kind of nation the United States would become. This lecture forms part of Yale University's comprehensive examination of U.S. history from 1776 to the present, delivered in preparation for America's 250th anniversary in 2026, with particular focus on the contested nature of American national identity and the evolution of the nation-state.
