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Explore the rapidly evolving landscape of operational technology (OT) and industrial control systems (ICS) security in this 27-minute conference talk from DEF CON 33. Examine how the threat landscape has dramatically shifted from focusing primarily on state adversaries before the 2021 Colonial Pipeline incident to addressing ransomware operators and hacktivists afterward. Discover the concerning new reality of 2025, where state adversaries, ransomware operators, and hacktivists are increasingly aligning their efforts, creating unprecedented challenges for cybersecurity professionals. Learn about the dangerous proliferation of advanced capabilities and tools now accessible to everyday attackers with intermediate to minimal skills. Understand why current security approaches are inadequate for the emerging threat environment and gain insights into practical strategies for better preparing organizations to defend against these evolving risks. Analyze real-world implications of this convergence of threat actors and discover actionable steps to strengthen OT/ICS security postures in an increasingly hostile digital landscape.
