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Explore the fundamental challenges of formal verification in quantum computing through this 53-minute conference talk from CPP 2026. Learn how to precisely specify quantum program behavior, formally reason about program execution, and rigorously verify correctness in the unique context of quantum systems. Discover how different research backgrounds influence approaches to specification and analysis, from probability distributions over measurement results to complex exponential-size matrices and abstract categorical diagrams. Examine both idealized program semantics and realistic models incorporating noise, decoherence, and hardware constraints of current quantum computing systems. Survey the landscape of quantum program verification techniques, including how classical formal methods like equivalence checking, program logics, and compiler correctness can be adapted for quantum programs. Gain insights into emerging verification approaches and identify key open problems in this interdisciplinary field where computer science meets quantum physics. No prior quantum computing background required, as the presentation is designed for a general audience interested in formal methods and program verification.
