Biomedical Instrumentation

NPTEL via Swayam

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Details

Go to class

Provider

Swayam
Pricing

Free Online Course
Languages

English
Certificate

Paid Certificate Available
Effort

12 weeks
Sessions

Self-Paced
Level

Intermediate

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Overview

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ABOUT THE COURSE:Biomedical Instrumentation will focus on Biomedical Sensors, Measurements and Instrumentation to detect electrical and non-electrical parameters in the human body. The course will start with an introduction to sensors, principles of sensing, types of sensors. Then the course will focus on Biopotentials, their origin and faithful measurement. Examples from ECG, EMG, EEG and other ExG will be discussed in sufficient depth and detail. Then we move on the GSR, PCG. Then the focus will be on non-electrical parameter measurements such as blood pressure, temperature, volume and flow, respiratory measurement (Sphygmomanometer), cardiac output. Then the focus will shift to Ventilator,Cardiac Pacemaker, Defibrillator, hemodialyser. The final topics will be on safety, standards and regulations in medical devices.INTENDED AUDIENCE: UG and PG students in Biomedical Engg, Instrumentation Engg and electrical engg.PREREQUISITES: Basic Electrical Engg, Basic principles of sensing, measurement and transductionINDUSTRY SUPPORT: Medical Devices and MedTech industry

Syllabus

Week 1:INTRODUCTION TO MEASUREMENTS & SIGNALPROCESSINGIntroduction to measurements – Sensors & Transducers,Generalized measurement system- Characteristics ofMeasurement system, Overview of amplifiers - Gain,bandwidth, input impedance, output impedance. Overview ofsignal processing - Filtering techniques (low-pass, high-pass,band-pass, notch filters), Noise sources, and reductiontechniques.
Week 2:BASIC SENSOR TYPES AND MOTION MEASUREMENTOverview of Basic sensor types and their principles-Resistive: Strain gauges, thermistors, Capacitive: Pressure &displacement sensors, Inductive: LVDT, eddy currentsensors, Piezoelectric: Force & vibration sensors, Hall Effect:Magnetic field sensors.Measurement of Linear and Rotational movements
Week 3:PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS PART 1: FORCE,AND TEMPERATUREMeasurement of Force & Torque -Load cells, strain gauge basedsensors - Applications in prosthetics andrehabilitation.Measurement of Body Temperature - Contact-basedsensors: Thermocouples, thermistors -Infrared temperaturesensors.
Week 4:PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS PART 2:PRESSURE, FLOW AND VOLUMEMeasurement of Pressure - Piezoelectric, capacitive, andstrain gauge pressure sensors- Blood pressure measurementtechniques (sphygmomanometer, catheter-based).Measurement of Flow & Volume in Arteries, Veins & Tissues- Electromagnetic, ultrasonic, and thermal flow meters -Plethysmography and cardiac output measurement.
Week 5:MEASUREMENT OF BIOPOTENTIAL AND ELECTRODES
Measurement of Biopotential – Origin of Biopotential –Overview of Biopotential electrodes- Electrode – Electrolyteinterface, Electrode-skin interface, types of biopotentialelectrodes and Recording issues – Motion artifacts andImpedance mismatching.
Week 6:BIOPOTENTIAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES PART IECG (Electrocardiogram) Measurement - Einthoven’striangle, standard 12-lead system, Electrode placement andlead configurations. EEG (Electroencephalography)Measurement - 10-20 electrode system, unipolar & bipolarconfigurations, Brain wave classification (delta, theta, alpha,beta).EMG (Electromyography) Measurement - Signalacquisition and muscle activity analysis.
Week 7:BIOPOTENTIAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES PART IIERG (Electroretinogram) & EOG (Electrooculography) - Eyemovement and retinal potential monitoring – unipolar andbipolar mode. GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) & PCG(Phonocardiogram).
Week 8:BIO-AMPLIFIERS AND BIOSIGNAL CONDITIONINGBio-amplifiers - Need for Bio-Amplifiers, Types of Bio-Amplifiers: Single-ended bio-amplifier, Differential bio amplifier,Right-leg driven ECG amplifier, Filtering &Interference Reduction: Band-pass, notch, and adaptivefiltering, Power-line interference reduction techniques,Isolation Techniques: Optical isolation, transformer-basedisolation, Amplifier Types:: Isolated DC amplifiers, AC carrieramplifiers, chopper amplifiers
Week 9:MEDICAL EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION PART IBlood Pressure Measurement (Sphygmomanometer) – Directand Indirect Methods. Ventilators - Pressure vs. volume controlledventilators, Sensors in ventilators (flow, pressure,oxygen sensors). Pacemakers - External and implantablepacemakers.
Week 10:MEDICAL EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION PART IIDefibrillators- Monophasic & biphasic defibrillators. PulseOximeters - Principle of SpO2 measurement. HemodialysisMachines- Dialysis process and monitoring parameters.
Week 11:LASER APPLICATION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERINGLASER- Principle of LASER operation and its characteristics.Types of LASERs – Pulsed Ruby LASER, Nd-YAG LASER –Helium-Neon LASER– CO2 LASER – Semiconductor Laserand their biomedical application. Overview of LASER safetystandards – Biological effects, LASER Hazard classificationand safety measures
Week 12:ELECTRICAL ISOLATION AND SAFETY STANDARDSOptical & Electrical Isolation Techniques, Leakage Currentsin Medical Devices, Grounding & Protection Mechanisms,Standards for Biomedical Equipment Safety : IEC 60601(Medical Electrical Equipment Standard), FDA Regulationsfor Medical Devices, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) &Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)