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The Open University

Hearing

The Open University via OpenLearn

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Overview

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Curso libre sobre la audición que recorre la recepción del sonido y su interpretación por el sistema nervioso. Cubre la estructura y función del oído externo, medio e interno, la anatomía de la cóclea, la membrana basilar, el órgano de Corti y las células ciliadas, la transducción mecano-eléctrica y la transmisión sináptica, la codificación de frecuencia e intensidad en las fibras del nervio coclear, las vías auditivas ascendentes y descendentes, y la percepción auditiva mediante psicofísica: umbrales absolutos, ley de Weber, sonoridad, tono, enmascaramiento y localización del sonido. Dirigido a estudiantes con base previa en biología o psicología que deseen profundizar en la fisiología y percepción auditivas.

Syllabus

  • Introduction
  • Learning outcomes
  • 1 Sound reception: the ear
  • 1 Sound reception: the ear
  • 2 Structure and function
  • 2 Structure and function
  • 2.1 Structure and function of the outer and middle ear
  • 3 The structure and function of the inner ear
  • 3 The structure and function of the inner ear
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 The anatomy of the cochlea
  • 3.3 The role of the basilar membrane in sound reception
  • Summary
  • 3.4 The organ of Corti and hair cells
  • 3.5 Neural transduction
  • 3.5.1 Hair cells transform mechanical energy into neural signals
  • 3.5.2 Mechanical force directly opens and closes transduction channels
  • 3.5.3 Mechano-electrical transduction is rapid
  • 3.6 Synaptic transmission from hair cells
  • 3.7 Hair cell tuning
  • 3.7.1 Summary of Sections 3.4 to 3.7
  • 3.8 Revision questions
  • 4 Neural processing of auditory information
  • 4 Neural processing of auditory information
  • 5 Frequency coding in cochlear nerve fibres
  • 5 Frequency coding in cochlear nerve fibres
  • 5.1 Place code
  • 5.2 Frequency code
  • 6 Intensity coding
  • 6 Intensity coding
  • 6.1 Firing-rate hypothesis
  • 6.2 Number of neurons hypothesis
  • 6.3 Summary of Sections 4 to 6
  • 7 The central auditory nervous system
  • 7 The central auditory nervous system
  • 7.1 The ascending auditory pathway
  • 7.2 Coding of information in the higher auditory centres
  • 7.2.1 The ‘what’ pathway
  • 7.2.2 The ‘where’ pathway
  • 7.3 The descending auditory pathway
  • 7.4 Summary of Section 7
  • 7.5 More revision questions
  • 8 Auditory perception
  • 8 Auditory perception
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 9 Psychophysics
  • 9 Psychophysics
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Absolute thresholds
  • 9.2.1 Method of limits
  • 9.2.2 Method of constant stimuli
  • 9.3 Differential sensitivity
  • 9.3.1 Weber's Law
  • 10 The perception of intensity
  • 10.1 Absolute thresholds
  • 10.2 The relationship between loudness and intensity
  • 10.3 Intensity discrimination
  • 11 The perception of frequency
  • 11.1 The relationship between frequency and pitch
  • 11.2 Frequency discrimination
  • 11.3 Frequency selectivity
  • 11.3.1 A masking experiment
  • 11.4 Signal duration
  • 11.5 Summary of sections 8 to 11
  • 12 Sound localisation
  • 12.1 Localisation of sound in the horizontal plane
  • 12.2 Interaural time delays: non-continuous sounds
  • 12.3 Interaural time delays: continuous tones
  • 12.4 Interaural intensity differences
  • 12.5 Localisation of sound in the vertical plane
  • 12.6 Distance cues
  • 12.7 Summary of Section 12
  • 12.8 More revision questions
  • Acknowledgements

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