Overview
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Build a rigorous anatomy and physiology foundation for medicine, PA, and NP training through a clinically grounded approach focused on reasoning rather than memorization.
The program covers the body at the depth of medical school foundational coursework. You begin with anatomical terminology, homeostasis, membrane transport, and acid-base balance, then move through neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and endocrine regulation.
A patient-case project asks you to identify affected structures, explain physiological mechanisms, and practice clinical reasoning. You will trace spinal cord and brainstem pathways and localize lesions from the deficits they cause, read an ECG and explain the electrical events behind each waveform, and work through the determinants of cardiac output, the causes of hypoxemia, and the feedback loops governing thyroid, adrenal, and pancreatic hormones. Clinical correlations appear in every course, from Parkinson's disease and Brown-Séquard syndrome to atrioventricular block, altitude sickness, and renal tubular acidosis.
Lessons are taught by physician and PhD faculty and organized so each system builds on the principles established before it.
No prior experience is required, though the depth matches medical coursework. Whether you are pursuing an MD, DO, PA, or NP program or simply want a rigorous account of the body, this is a thorough place to begin.
Syllabus
- Course 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
- Course 2: The Nervous System: Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology
- Course 3: Anatomy & Physiology: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
- Course 4: Anatomy & Physiology: Endocrine System
Courses
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The endocrine system uses hormones to coordinate metabolism, growth, and the body's response to stress across long timescales. This course centers on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and the feedback mechanisms that regulate hormone concentrations, then works through the thyroid, adrenal, and pancreatic systems in turn. The thyroid section covers hormone synthesis and transport and the clinical presentation of both excess and deficiency. The adrenal section covers steroid hormone synthesis and the physiological roles of the adrenal cortex and medulla. The pancreatic section covers insulin and glucagon secretion and regulation, their metabolic effects, and the counterregulatory hormones that maintain blood glucose. This course completes the certificate by showing how endocrine signaling integrates the systems covered in the courses before it, from neural control of secretion to the cardiovascular and metabolic effects hormones ultimately produce.
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The cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to deliver oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide, pairing the pumping action of the heart with the mechanics of breathing. This course opens with thoracic anatomy, including the thoracic skeleton, diaphragm, mediastinum, pericardium, and the anatomy of the heart, then moves into cardiac, vascular, and respiratory physiology. The cardiac section covers electrical activity from pacemaker potentials through basic ECG principles, including waveforms, intervals, and selected condition abnormalities. Students will understand the cardiac cycle and the determinants of cardiac output, including preload, afterload, contractility, and the Frank-Starling relationship. Vascular physiology covers hemodynamics and arterial pressure regulation through the baroreflex, RAAS, and ADH, plus the cardiovascular response to exercise. The respiratory half of the course discusses lung mechanics, compliance, and the work of breathing, then oxygen and carbon dioxide transport, the causes of hypoxemia, and chemoreceptor control of breathing, including the physiology of altitude and diving.
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Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology establishes the vocabulary and physiological principles that every later system in this certificate depends on. The course opens with anatomical terminology for location, planes, and body cavities, then examines homeostasis and the control systems that maintain it. The core of the course is membrane physiology: lipid bilayers, aquaporins, ion channels, ATPases, solute carriers, and cell signaling, building up to how ion gradients generate membrane and action potentials. From there, the course turns to two applied regulatory topics, body temperature control and acid-base balance, working through buffers, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, and the anion gap. Throughout, the emphasis is on mechanism: not just naming a structure or process, but explaining how it produces the physiological effect it is known for. The membrane physiology and acid-base content covered here is drawn on directly in the courses that follow, particularly in neural signaling and respiratory gas exchange.
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The Nervous System: Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology This course works through the major structures of the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord, then turns to the sensory and autonomic systems, including visual, auditory, vestibular, and chemical sensory transduction. Particular attention goes to clinical localization. The course traces the corticospinal tracts, the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway, and the anterolateral system in detail, along with the twelve cranial nerves, so a deficit can be reasoned back to the site of the lesion. Neurotransmission, glial function, and the physiology of the action potential are covered as the mechanistic basis for all of this. Clinical correlations run throughout, including Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, medullary and pontine syndromes, Brown-Séquard syndrome, and hydrocephalus, grounding the anatomy in cases encountered in clinical training.
Taught by
Craig Canby, PhD, Darren Salmi, MD, MS, Jasmine Clark, PhD, and Thad Wilson, PhD