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Explore the development of QOS, a modular quantum operating system designed to address critical challenges in quantum resource management through this 15-minute conference presentation from OSDI '25. Learn how quantum computers face significant obstacles including hardware constraints, noise errors, and heterogeneity that create fundamental design tradeoffs between quantum fidelity and system utilization, making it difficult to scale quantum algorithms reliably. Discover QOS's comprehensive approach to quantum resource management through its hardware-agnostic API that enables transparent quantum job execution while mitigating hardware errors and systematically multi-programming and scheduling jobs across space and time. Understand the system's modular design that facilitates synergistic cross- and intra-layer optimizations, introducing innovative concepts such as compatibility-based multi-programming and effective utilization metrics. Examine the extensive evaluation results from 7000 real quantum runs across more than 70,000 benchmark instances on IBM quantum devices, demonstrating QOS's ability to achieve 2.6-456.5× higher fidelity, increase resource utilization by up to 9.6×, and reduce waiting times by up to 5× while sacrificing only 1-3% fidelity on average compared to baseline systems.
