Explore how AI engineering tackles three critical challenges in artificial intelligence through this 48-minute conference talk from ICBS2025. Delve into the complexities of sensemaking, where AI systems must interpret and understand complex data patterns and contexts. Examine reasoning capabilities and how engineers design AI systems to make logical inferences and decisions. Investigate the crucial aspect of explainability, understanding how AI systems can provide transparent and interpretable outputs that humans can comprehend and trust. Learn from expert insights on the engineering approaches and methodologies used to address these fundamental AI challenges, gaining valuable perspective on the current state and future directions of AI system development.