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Explore the Local Group of galaxies through constrained simulations in this 56-minute colloquium presented by Dr. Oliver Newton at the Center for Theoretical Physics PAS. Delve into the study of low-mass galaxies within the unique environment of the Local Group, comprising the Milky Way, M31, and other smaller galaxies. Learn how numerical simulations, particularly 'constrained' simulations like the HESTIA suite, are crucial for modeling astrophysical processes in this highly non-linear regime. Discover the predicted existence of 'ultra-diffuse galaxies' (UDGs) in the Local Group field, which could provide valuable insights into dark matter and extreme galaxy evolution. Understand how these elusive objects, with stellar content similar to low-mass Milky Way satellites but sizes approaching that of the Milky Way itself, may constitute up to half of the total field galaxy population within 2.5 Mpc of the Local Group. Consider the potential for discovering several UDGs in existing Sloan Digital Sky Survey data, highlighting the importance of this research in expanding our understanding of galactic structures and evolution in our cosmic neighborhood.
