This lecture by Prof. Catie Chang from Vanderbilt University explores the impacts of arousal on functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data. Delivered as part of the HST 583/9.583 course on Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Data Acquisition and Analysis on November 6th, 2025, the presentation examines how varying states of arousal can influence fMRI measurements and potentially affect research outcomes. Learn about the relationship between brain activity patterns and arousal states, methodological considerations for controlling these variables, and strategies for accounting for arousal effects in neuroimaging research. The lecture provides valuable insights for researchers and students working with fMRI data who need to understand how physiological states can impact their experimental results.