Google, IBM & Meta Certificates – 40% Off
One plan covers every Professional Certificate on Coursera.
Unlock All Certificates
Sometimes you want to know what would have happened anyhow. For example, if a law didn't go into effect, or a virus hadn't swept through a country. We might be able to see some effect, but might not know exactly what to attribute it to. Difference in differences is a technique to estimate those effects by analyzing trends over time.